Hershey

The Medical Minute: Your organ donation questions answered

Carl Rohr, center, received a heart transplant at Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center more than 27 years ago. He poses for a photo with, from left, Heart Transplant Program coordinators Lindsey Potter and Danielle Knutson and Heart Transplant Program director Dr. John Boehmer after the Donate Life flag-raising ceremony at Milton S. Hershey Medical Center. Credit: Penn State Health. All Rights Reserved.

HERSHEY, Pa. — Every eight minutes, someone new is added to the national organ transplant waiting list, which has more than 103,000 people on it, the U.S. Health Resources and Services Administration reports. Just one organ donor can save as many as eight lives, and one tissue donor can help more than 100 others, according to the Gift of Life Donor Program.

"There is a very real need for people to choose to make that gift to others when their life has come to its end," said Theodore DeMartini, a pediatric critical care medicine specialist at Penn State Health Children's Hospital and associate professor of pediatrics at Penn State College of Medicine.

Registering as an organ donor won’t affect your medical care, according to Penn State Health experts, and it takes just minutes to register here. Read on for answers to common questions about organ donation.

Why is organ donation important?

Sometimes, an organ transplant is a person’s only hope for recovery from a life-threatening illness, DeMartini said. Treatments like dialysis for failing kidneys or ventricular assist devices for heart failure aren’t always enough.

"We have a lot of amazing technologies to support children or adults who come in with acute problems and have failing organs, but sometimes the failing organ doesn't recover," DeMartini said. "Sometimes too many underlying problems have accumulated, or the initial damage was so severe that recovery just isn't possible."

In those cases, an organ transplant is the only option, and the only way to get an organ is through donation. Unfortunately, there aren't enough healthy donor organs for everyone who needs them. Over 39,000 Americans receive a lifesaving transplant each year, but many more are waiting, and 17 die each day, notes the Gift of Life Donor Program.

What organs can be donated?

After death, you can donate kidneys, liver, lungs, heart, pancreas, intestines, hands, face, corneas, middle ear, skin, heart valves, bone, veins, cartilage, tendons and ligaments. Living donors can also give a kidney, part of the liver, lung, pancreas or intestine — as well as stem cells. For people on the organ donation waiting list, kidneys are in the highest demand, followed by livers, hearts, pancreases and lungs. 

Does registering as an organ donor affect my care?

No, DeMartini said.

"One misconception is that the medical team will focus on getting the patient's organs instead of saving their life. That's absolutely not true," DeMartini said. "Our top priority is the patient and doing everything we can to help them and keep them alive if possible." 

The next priority is supporting the patient's family. Health care providers only discuss organ donation with families when a patient is at the end of life.

"Whether a patient donates or not, the care we give is exactly the same. Everything we do is to support the patient as best we can, for as long as we can, and then support the family as best we can during a very trying time," DeMartini said.

Who pays for organ donation?

The donor’s family does not pay any costs related to organ donation. Most of the costs are covered by the recipient's health insurance.

How are donor hearts kept alive during transport? 

Donor hearts come from individuals who died from causes that didn’t damage their hearts, such as certain cancers or drug overdoses. Historically, once a heart was approved for donation, it was stored on ice in a cooler during transport from the donor site to the recipient hospital. However, the cold temperatures could injure the hearts. Now, the team has the option to use a high-tech cooler called a Paragonix SherpaPak Cardiac Transport System. The device keeps the heart at an optimal temperature and protects it from both cold injury and being bumped or bruised until it reaches the recipient, said John Boehmer, director of the Advanced Heart Transplant Program at Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center and professor of medicine at Penn State College of Medicine. The patient awaiting the heart often receives mechanical circulatory support — devices that aid or replace the heart’s pumping actions.

How do I become an organ donor?

Anyone can become an organ donor, regardless of age or health history. When you register, your information will be provided securely to Donate Life America, a nonprofit committed to increasing the number of lives saved and healed through organ, eye and tissue donation.

Those interested in signing up to be an organ donor can do so at this link.

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The Medical Minute is a weekly health news feature produced by Penn State Health. Articles feature the expertise of faculty, physicians and staff, and are designed to offer timely, relevant health information of interest to a broad audience.

Last Updated April 17, 2025

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